Before going into the details of hydraulics, the term Hydraulic has been derived from the Greek word ‘hydor’’ meaning water and has developed as the science of water. From this all rules and principles related to water are understood.

  In our day "hydraulic" is used to mean the transfer and control of force and motion via fluids.

  However with the industrial hydraulic concept what is meant is <<the transfer and control of force and motion via a fluid>>. As the result of this definition the energy transfer matter is the fluid. Even though synthetic fluids, water, -oil mixtures are used generally mineral oils are used as fluids.

  The transfer of force in hydraulics can be exemplified as hydrostatics and the conversion to flow energy can be exemplified as hydrodynamics. Naturally there many other energy conversion methods other than hydraulic however in order to list a few of the reasons for preferring hydraulics:  (Türkçe metin: hidrolik (ten) başka).

- Large forces and moments are obtained in small volume. (High force concentration)
- Force is generated by itself when necessary.
- When stopping, moment can be easily adjusted without phasing under full load.
- Velocity, force and moment  can be easily adjusted without phasing
- Protection from overload can be easily achieved
- Very fast and very slow motions can be controlled with very high sensitivity.
- There is the possibility to accumulate a certain amount of energy by the aid of gas.

    
    As the basis of the starting and development of hydraulics we can take the principle of pressure transfer by fluids Pascal proved in the 17th century.

    In the first applications of hydraulics water was used as the fluid. The first industrial application was realized by Joseph Bramah in London in the 18th century in textile and wood processing presses. In the second half of the 19th century, W.G. Armstrong developed many hydrostatic machines and tools. He applied hydraulics to the anchor and load lifting cranes using collectors (biriktirici) as well. Many interesting designs and machines from the past century are displayed is science museums.

  To have a chronological look into the developments in the 20th century;

    - 1936 Harry Vickers pilot controlled Safety Valve,
   - 1950 Jean Mercier rubber separator collector (biriktirici)
   - 1958  electro-hydraulic servo-valve was put to practice in MIT as the result of high pressure and servo control research. (Türkçe metin: elektrohidrolik sevovalf uygulamaya kondu).
   - The research made during the World War Two contributed a great deal to the development of hydraulics.
    
    Thus, because until 1950 many of the circuit elements were invented, hydraulic applications increasingly accelerated  after this date because of the automation trend . The latest trend is to build fully automatic and highly sensitive devices by combining hydraulic components in electronic and fluidic systems. To make a comparison with this type of a system and the human body, we can say thet the electronics is the brain and hydraulics is the muscles.

    The development of hydraulics in our country started with the hydraulic applications in the imported presses and machines. The desire to produce spare parts for these machines as well as the production of similar machines gave rise to the demand for hydraulic materials. Consequently the materials slowly started to enter the market by importation and from scrap airplanes. The mass production in small scale of local hydraulic valves started in the '65s. Today basic hydraulic valves and some pump types are produced. However the real improvement will come by the investments based on scientific research and the indispensability of quality control.

Operation of Hydraulic Cylinder

   When the hydraulic oil coming from the unit is given the required pressure by pumps and valves, motion is achieved by the Hydraulic piston.

Important Operation Principle:
    - The oil should be filtered in the unit.
    - The oil should not become warm and be kept at a certain temperature. (If there is any probability of heating, a cooler is added to the system)
    - More pressure than needed should not be applied (the pressure depends on the motor power in the unit)
    - In order to achieve a good operation and long life in the hydraulic system, an oil suitable for the circuit should be selected.

     
- Before using your piston read the use instructions carefully.
- Do not keep or use the piston near combustible of flammable materials.
- Do not use your piston outdoors, protect from rain and snow. Water damages the structure of the material inside and may cause rusting.
- Do not keep your piston near a machine of resistor with excessive temperature.
- The nitril sealing elements in the internal structure are recommended to be used between  -30 ^OC , + 105 ^OC . Short duration operation is possible to up to +120 ^OC. Otherwise the nitril sealing elements are burned.
- If there is heat near during the operation the manufacturer is reminded of this fact before ordering and heat resistant viton sealing elements are used.
- Use Viton felt at  -30^OC to + 225^OC .
- Do not keep or use the piston in dirty, rusty and moist places.
- Do not use any metal tools or equipment to clean the piston.
- Strictly avoid cleaning with chemicals. Otherwise, the internal structure, shaft and sealing elements are damaged.
- Strictly avoid immersing the piston in water before cleaning or storing. You can wipe the piston with a dry or moist cloth.
- Do not use spare parts not recommended by the manufacturer. This may result in breakdowns or damage to the internal structure of the material.
- Do not drop the piston during moving or transportation and avoid rough blows. Do not put unnecessary materials in front during operation.
- The bearing of the piston should be conducted based on its diameter. do not carry additional bearing load.
- Do not exceed the maximum operating pressure on the hydraulic power unit.
- Do not carry out welding or sanding around the cylinder.
- Welding and sanding burrs damage the piston body, especially the chrome shaft.

        
- Before Operation;
Check for assembly or transportation faults on the piston (breaks, bends etc.)
- Operation;
In the initial operation of your piston, operate first under low pressure with the control valve.
Increase the system to operation pressure later.
Standard cylinders of up to 350 bar can be manufactured upon special request.